![]() ![]() This means that prelocomotor infants can discriminate between the two sides of the cliff. This study found that the infants exhibited distress less frequently when they were placed on the shallow side of the apparatus in contrast to when they were placed on the deep side. Prelocomotor infants Īnother study measured the cardiac responses of human infants younger than crawling age on the visual cliff. This study indicates that infants born at term and those born preterm can perceive a visual cliff and change their responses accordingly. Although the two groups of infants did not differ on any of the timed measurements, infants born at term demonstrated a larger number of motor strategies and avoidance behaviors by simple tally. A significant surface effect was found, with longer crossing times and longer durations of visual attention and tactile exploration in the condition with the visual appearance of a deep cliff. Successful trials, crossing time, duration of visual attention, duration of tactile exploration, motor strategies, and avoidance behaviors were analyzed. Sixteen infants born at term and sixteen born preterm were encouraged to crawl to their caregivers on a modified visual cliff. Other research that has used the visual cliff focuses on preterm infants, prelocomotor Infants, and maternal signaling. The everyday exploration of infants gives them clues about things or objects to avoid when exploring. During this time, infants begin to develop a fear of height. When an infant starts to engage in crawling, to sit, or walking, they use perception and action. Thus, infant studies are an important part of the visual cliff. These actions impact how the infants view depth perception. Infant studies ĭuring early development, infants begin to crawl, sit, and walk. However, results do not indicate that avoidance of cliffs and fear of heights is innate. This shows that when healthy infants are able to crawl, they can perceive depth. In this experiment, all of the babies relied on their vision in order to navigate across the apparatus. The infants knew the glass was solid by patting it, but still did not cross. Some infants refused to crawl because they were confused about the perceived drop between them and their mothers. ![]() A few of the infants crawled but were extremely hesitant. The researchers found that 27 of the infants crawled over to their mother on the "shallow" side without any problems. It was assumed if the child was reluctant to crawl to their caregiver, he or she was able to perceive depth, believing that the transparent space was an actual cliff. This allowed so the infant would be motivated to crawl across towards them. Once the infant was placed on the opaque end of the platform, the caregiver (typically a parent) stood on the other side of the transparent plexiglas, calling out for them to come or holding an enticing stimulus such as a toy. To test this, they placed 36 infants, six to fourteen months of age, on the shallow side of the visual cliff apparatus. Gibson and Walk (1960) hypothesized that depth perception is inherent as opposed to a learned process. On one side the cloth is placed immediately beneath the Plexiglas, and on the other it is dropped about four feet (1.2 m) below. The visual cliff consisted of a sheet of Plexiglas that covers a cloth with a high-contrast checkerboard pattern. Using a visual cliff apparatus, Gibson and Walk examined possible perceptual differences at crawling age between human infants born preterm and human infants born at term without documented visual or motor impairments. The visual cliff apparatus allowed them to conduct an experiment in which the optical and tactile stimuli associated with a simulated cliff were adjusted while protecting the subjects from injury. It consists of a sturdy surface that is flat but has the appearance of a several-foot drop part-way across. Walk at Cornell University to investigate depth perception in human and other animal species. The visual cliff is an apparatus created by psychologists Eleanor J. The child hesitates to move forward as they see the transparent surface. This mother is encouraging her child to crawl across the visual cliff. ![]()
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